Tootfinder

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Looking for Signs of Discreteness in the Gravitational-wave Background
Gabriella Agazie, Paul T. Baker, Bence B\'ecsy, Laura Blecha, Adam Brazier, Paul R. Brook, Lucas Brown, Sarah Burke-Spolaor, J. Andrew Casey-Clyde, Maria Charisi, Shami Chatterjee, Tyler Cohen, James M. Cordes, Neil J. Cornish, Fronefield Crawford, H. Thankful Cromartie, Megan E. DeCesar, Paul B. Demorest, Heling Deng, Timothy Dolch, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, William Fiore, Emmanuel Fons…

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Looking for Signs of Discreteness in the Gravitational-wave Background
The cosmic merger history of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) is expected to produce a low-frequency gravitational wave background (GWB). Here we investigate how signs of the discrete nature of this GWB can manifest in pulsar timing arrays through excursions from, and breaks in, the expected $f_{\mathrm{GW}}^{-2/3}$ power-law of the GWB strain spectrum. To do this, we create a semi-analytic SMBHB population model, fit to NANOGrav's 15 yr GWB amplitude, and with 1,000 realizations we st…

Room-temperature photonic quantum computing in integrated silicon photonics with germanium-silicon single-photon avalanche diodes
Neil Na, Chou-Yun Hsu, Erik Chen, Richard Soref
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.04763

Room-temperature photonic quantum computing in integrated silicon photonics with germanium-silicon single-photon avalanche diodes
Most, if not all, photonic quantum computing (PQC) relies upon superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) based on Nb operated at a temperature < 4 K. This paper proposes and analyzes 300 K Si-waveguide-integrated GeSi single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) based on the recently demonstrated normal-incidence GeSi SPADs operated at room temperature, and shows that their performance is competitive against that of SNSPDs in a series of metrics for PQC with a reasonable time-gating w…

SoK: Gradient Leakage in Federated Learning
Jiacheng Du, Jiahui Hu, Zhibo Wang, Peng Sun, Neil Zhenqiang Gong, Kui Ren
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.05403 htt…

SoK: Gradient Leakage in Federated Learning
Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among multiple clients without raw data exposure. However, recent studies have shown that clients' private training data can be reconstructed from the gradients they share in FL, known as gradient inversion attacks (GIAs). While GIAs have demonstrated effectiveness under \emph{ideal settings and auxiliary assumptions}, their actual efficacy against \emph{practical FL systems} remains under-explored. To address this gap, we conduct a c…

Scalable Amortized GPLVMs for Single Cell Transcriptomics Data
Sarah Zhao, Aditya Ravuri, Vidhi Lalchand, Neil D. Lawrence
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.03879

Scalable Amortized GPLVMs for Single Cell Transcriptomics Data
Dimensionality reduction is crucial for analyzing large-scale single-cell RNA-seq data. Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models (GPLVMs) offer an interpretable dimensionality reduction method, but current scalable models lack effectiveness in clustering cell types. We introduce an improved model, the amortized stochastic variational Bayesian GPLVM (BGPLVM), tailored for single-cell RNA-seq with specialized encoder, kernel, and likelihood designs. This model matches the performance of the leadin…

Integrated electro-optics on thin-film lithium niobate
Yaowen Hu, Di Zhu, Shengyuan Lu, Xinrui Zhu, Yunxiang Song, Dylan Renaud, Daniel Assumpcao, Rebecca Cheng, CJ Xin, Matthew Yeh, Hana Warner, Xiangwen Guo, Amirhassan Shams-Ansari, David Barton, Neil Sinclair, Marko Loncar
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.06398

Integrated electro-optics on thin-film lithium niobate
Electro-optics serves as the crucial bridge between electronics and photonics, unlocking a wide array of applications ranging from communications and computing to sensing and quantum information. Integrated electro-optics approaches in particular enable essential electronic high-speed control for photonics while offering substantial photonic parallelism for electronics. Recent strides in thin-film lithium niobate photonics have ushered revolutionary advancements in electro-optics. This technolo…

U.S. Election Hardens Hate Universe
Akshay Verma, Richard Sear, Neil F. Johnson
https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00459 https://arxiv.org/pd…

U.S. Election Hardens Hate Universe
Local or national politics can trigger potentially dangerous hate in someone. But with a third of the world's population eligible to vote in elections in 2024 alone, we lack understanding of how individual-level hate multiplies up to hate behavior at the collective global scale. Here we show, based on the most recent U.S. election, that offline events are associated with a rapid adaptation of the global online hate universe that hardens (strengthens) both its network-of-networks structure and t…

Affleck-Dine Dirac Leptogenesis
Neil D. Barrie, Chengcheng Han
https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.15245 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.15245

Affleck-Dine Dirac Leptogenesis
We present a minimal framework that realises successful Dirac Leptogenesis through the Affleck-Dine mechanism. A single right-handed neutrino and a neutrinophillic Higgs doublet are introduced to the Standard Model, which couple via a Yukawa interaction. The inflationary setting is induced by a combination of the two Higgs doublets, with their global symmetry violating interactions leading to a net charge generation via the Affleck-Dine mechanism. This simple Standard Model extension exhibits a…

Demystifying Faulty Code with LLM: Step-by-Step Reasoning for Explainable Fault Localization
Ratnadira Widyasari, Jia Wei Ang, Truong Giang Nguyen, Neil Sharma, David Lo
https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.10507

Demystifying Faulty Code with LLM: Step-by-Step Reasoning for Explainable Fault Localization
Fault localization is a critical process that involves identifying specific program elements responsible for program failures. Manually pinpointing these elements, such as classes, methods, or statements, which are associated with a fault is laborious and time-consuming. To overcome this challenge, various fault localization tools have been developed. These tools typically generate a ranked list of suspicious program elements. However, this information alone is insufficient. A prior study empha…

Two-Dimensional Eclipse Mapping of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b with JWST MIRI/LRS
Mark Hammond, Taylor J. Bell, Ryan C. Challener, Neil T. Lewis, Megan Weiner Mansfield, Isaac Malsky, Emily Rauscher, Jacob L. Bean, Ludmila Carone, Jo\~ao M. Mendon\c{c}a, Lucas Teinturier, Xianyu Tan, Nicolas Crouzet, Laura Kreidberg, Giuseppe Morello, Vivien Parmentier, Jasmina Blecic, Jean-Michel D\'esert, Christiane Helling, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Karan Molaverdikhani, Matthew C. Nixon, Benjamin V. …

Two-Dimensional Eclipse Mapping of the Hot Jupiter WASP-43b with JWST MIRI/LRS
We present eclipse maps of the two-dimensional thermal emission from the dayside of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b, derived from an observation of a phase curve with the JWST MIRI/LRS instrument. The observed eclipse shapes deviate significantly from those expected for a planet emitting uniformly over its surface. We fit a map to this deviation, constructed from spherical harmonics up to order $\ell_{\rm max}=2$, alongside the planetary, orbital, stellar, and systematic parameters. This yields a map …

Swift X-Ray and UV Observations of six Gaia Binaries supposedly containing a Neutron Star
B. Sbarufatti, F. Coti Zelati, A. Marino, S. Mereghetti, N. Rea, A. Treves
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16170

Swift X-Ray and UV Observations of six Gaia Binaries supposedly containing a Neutron Star
Recent observations have led to the discovery of numerous optically selected binaries containing an undetected component with mass consistent with a compact object (neutron star or white dwarf). Using the the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory we have carried out X-ray and UV observations of a small sample of these binaries. Four systems are wide (with orbital period P>300 d), and they were chosen because of their small distance (d<250 pc) and the mass of the collapsed component favoring a neutron …

MAD Speech: Measures of Acoustic Diversity of Speech
Matthieu Futeral, Andrea Agostinelli, Marco Tagliasacchi, Neil Zeghidour, Eugene Kharitonov
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.10419 <…

MAD Speech: Measures of Acoustic Diversity of Speech
Generative spoken language models produce speech in a wide range of voices, prosody, and recording conditions, seemingly approaching the diversity of natural speech. However, the extent to which generated speech is acoustically diverse remains unclear due to a lack of appropriate metrics. We address this gap by developing lightweight metrics of acoustic diversity, which we collectively refer to as MAD Speech. We focus on measuring five facets of acoustic diversity: voice, gender, emotion, accen…